Distance - Motors and Variable Speed Drives: Selection, Applications, Operation, Diagnostic Testing, Troubleshooting and Maintenance (1.2 CEUs)

Philip Kiameh

Philip Kiameh, M.A.Sc., B.Eng., D.Eng., P.Eng. (Canada) has been a teacher at University of Toronto and Dalhousie University, Canada for more than 24 years. In addition, Prof Kiameh has taught courses and seminars to more than four thousand working engineers and professionals around the world, specifically Europe and North America. Prof Kiameh has been consistently ranked as "Excellent" or "Very Good" by the delegates who attended his seminars and lectures.

Prof Kiameh wrote 5 books for working engineers from which three have been published by McGraw-Hill, New York. Below is a list of the books authored by Prof Kiameh:

1. Power Generation Handbook: Gas Turbines, Steam Power Plants, Co-generation, and Combined Cycles, second edition, (800 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, October 2011.
2. Electrical Equipment Handbook (600 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, March 2003.
3. Power Plant Equipment Operation and Maintenance Guide (800 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, January 2012.
4. Industrial Instrumentation and Modern Control Systems (400 pages), Custom Publishing, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Custom Publishing (1999).
5. Industrial Equipment (600 pages), Custom Publishing, University of Toronto, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Custom Publishing (1999).

Prof. Kiameh has received the following awards:

1. The first "Excellence in Teaching" award offered by the Professional Development Center at University of Toronto (May, 1996).
2. The "Excellence in Teaching Award" in April 2007 offered by TUV Akademie (TUV Akademie is one of the largest Professional Development centre in world, it is based in Germany and the United Arab Emirates, and provides engineering training to engineers and managers across Europe and the Middle East).
3. Awarded graduation “With Distinction” from Dalhousie University when completed Bachelor of Engineering degree (1983).
4. Entrance Scholarship to University of Ottawa (1984).
5. Natural Science and Engineering Research Counsel (NSERC) scholarship towards graduate studies – Master of Applied Science in Engineering (1984 – 1985).

Prof. Kiameh performed research on power generation equipment with Atomic Energy of Canada Limited at their Chalk River and Whiteshell Nuclear Research Laboratories. He also has more than 30 years of practical engineering experience with Ontario Power Generation (formerly, Ontario Hydro - the largest electric utility in North America).

While working at Ontario Hydro, Prof. Kiameh acted as a Training Manager, Engineering Supervisor, System Responsible Engineer and Design Engineer. During the period of time that Prof Kiameh worked as a Field Engineer and Design Engineer, he was responsible for the operation, maintenance, diagnostics, and testing of gas turbines, steam turbines, generators, motors, transformers, inverters, valves, pumps, compressors, instrumentation and control systems. Further, his responsibilities included designing, engineering, diagnosing equipment problems and recommending solutions to repair deficiencies and improve system performance, supervising engineers, setting up preventive maintenance programs, writing Operating and Design Manuals, and commissioning new equipment.

Later, Prof Kiameh worked as the manager of a section dedicated to providing training for the staff at the power stations. The training provided by Prof Kiameh covered in detail the various equipment and systems used in power stations.

Professor Philip Kiameh was awarded his Bachelor of Engineering Degree "with distinction" from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. He also received a Master of Applied Science in Engineering (M.A.Sc.) from the University of Ottawa, Canada. He is also a member of the Association of Professional Engineers in the province of Ontario, Canada.

REVIEW OF FUNDAMENTALS/INTRODUCTION TO MACHINERY PRINCIPLES

• Capacitors, dielectrics, magnetic field, Ampere's law, Faraday's law, inductance, and alternating currents
• Introduction to Machinery Principles: magnetic circuits, permeability, flux, ferromagnetic cores, reluctance, saturation, and hysteresis

AC MACHINES FUNDAMENTALS

• Rotor and stator design, windings, poles, three-phase circuits, induced torque, winding insulation, AC machine power flows and losses

INDUCTION MOTORS

• Stator and rotor construction, synchronous speed, induced torque, rotor slip, equivalent circuit of an induction motor, induction motor construction
• Squirrel-cage rotors, wound rotors, synchronous speed, operating speed, slip, equivalent circuit, inrush current, losses and power-flow diagram, torque-speed characteristics, variation of torque-speed characteristics, induction generator
• NEMA classes of motors, control of motor characteristics, starting circuits

SPEED CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTORS

• Speed control by changing the line frequency, voltage, rotor resistance, solid-state motor drives, motor protection, induction generator, motor ratings and specifications

MAINTENANCE OF MOTORS

• Characteristics of motors, enclosures and cooling methods, application data, design characteristics, insulation of motors, failures in three-phase stator windings, predictive maintenance, motor troubleshooting, diagnostic testing for motors, insulation resistance and polarization index

POWER ELECTRONICS, RECTIFIERS AND PULSE-WIDTH MODULATION INVERTERS

• Introduction to power electronics, power electronics components, the diode, the two-wire thyristor or PNPN diode, the three-wire thyristor or SCR, the gate turn off thyristor, the DIAC, the TRIAC
• The power transistor, the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT)
• Power and speed comparison of power electronic components
• Basic rectifiers circuits, the half-wave rectifier, the full-wave rectifier, the three-phase half wave rectifier, the three-phase full-wave rectifier, filtering rectifier output
• Pulse circuits, a relaxation oscillator using a PNPN diode, pulse synchronization
• Voltage variation by AC phase control, AC phase control for a DC load driven from an AC source, AC phase angle control for an AC load, the effect of inductive loads on phase angle control
• Inverters, rectifiers, external commutation inverters, self-commutated inverters
• Pulse-Width Modulated (PWM) Inverters

VARIABLE-SPEED DRIVES

• Basic principles of AC Variable-Speed Drives (VSDs), constant torque region, constant power (extended speed) region
• Inverters, parts of an inverter, Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) inverters, Insulated Gate Bipolar transistors (IGBT's), 2-level pulse width modulated inverter (PWM-2)
• Input power converter (rectifier), DC link energy, output IGBT inverter
• Input sources for regeneration or dynamic slowdown, dynamic breaking, regeneration, PWM-2 considerations
• Transients, harmonics power factor and failures, common failure modes, fault current limit, device explosion rating, device application
• Thyristor failures and testing, recognizing failed Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR)/Diode, testing of SCR's/Diodes, comments about failure rates.
• AC drive applications issues, diode source current unbalance, AC power factor, AC input power changes with ac input voltage.
• IGBT switching transients, insulation voltage stress, motor winding voltage distribution
• Radiated Electromagnetic Interferences (EMI), cable terminating (matching) impedance, inverter output filter, extra insulation, cabling details for AC drives, cable details
• Motor, cable, and power system grounding.
• Motor bearing currents, motor shaft grounding brush, reduction of stator to rotor capacitance value, motor cable wiring practices
• Summary of application rules for AC drives: Selection criteria of variable speed drives, variable process speed, compressors and pumps, motor starting, regeneration, dynamometer, paper machine winder, dynamic breaking
• Maintenance, common failure modes, motor application guidelines.

BEARINGS

• Types of bearings, ball and roller bearings, materials and finish, sizes of bearings, types of rolling bearings, thrust bearings

LUBRICATION

• Viscosity of lubricants, variation of viscosity with temperature and pressure, viscosity index, non-Newtonian fluids, greases, VI improved oils, oils at low temperatures, variation of lubricant viscosity with use, oxidation reactions, physical reactions, housing and lubrication, lubrication of antifriction bearings
• Used oil Analysis: proper lube oil sampling technique, test description and significance, visual and sensory inspections, chemical and physical tests, water content, viscosity, emission spectrographic analysis, infrared analysis, total base number (TBN), total acid number (TAN), particle count, summary

VIBRATION ANALYSIS, PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE AND DIAGNOSTIC TESTING

• Application of sine waves to vibration, resonance, use of filtering
• Vibration instrumentation, frequency domain, machinery example
• Vibration causes, forcing frequency causes, unbalance, misalignment, mechanical looseness, bearing defects, gear defects, oil whirl, blade or vane problems, electric motor defects, uneven loading, drive-shaft torsion
• Resonant frequency, vibration severity, a case history (motor shaft misalignment).
• Vibration in predictive maintenance: diagnostics (identifying the characteristic vibration patterns of common faults; looseness of anti-friction bearings, journal bearings and gears)

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